Development and Content Validation of an Instrument for Evaluating Smart Storybooks with QR Audio
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https://doi.org/10.53621/tdzcac15Keywords:
Content validity, Early childhood education, Instrument, Nutrition education, Storybook, QR AudioAbstract
This study aimed to develop an instrument for evaluating smart storybooks with QR audio used in nutrition education for children aged 5–6 years and to report evidence of its content validity. The study used an instrument development and content validation design. Items were drafted from a literature review and a needs analysis, and three experts in educational research and evaluation rated each item on 11 criteria using a five-point scale. Content validity was estimated with Aiken’s V, computed for each criterion and averaged per item, with V ? 0.800 as the validity criterion. The instrument comprised 38 items across three domains: content/material (14 items), media (15 items), and language (9 items). Mean Aiken’s V was 0.976 for content/material, 0.977 for media, and 0.961 for language, with a weighted mean of 0.973. Item coefficients ranged from 0.856 to 1.000, and all 38 items met the criterion. At the criterion level, 13 of 418 coefficients fell below 0.800, seven of them in two language items, and these low ratings coincided with expert comments on item overlap and on misalignment between indicators and item wording. These results indicate that the instrument is valid and ready for use by educators, researchers, and developers to assess the nutritional content, QR-code access, audio narration, and language of smart storybooks before classroom use. Reliability and agreement among evaluators still need to be tested on different storybook products.
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